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布班基文翻譯

下一句又針對何謂自尊作一簡短申明，句中動詞has to do with也是跟refer to和deal with一樣，經常使用來講明概念。 

1. Before I proceed with my discussion on second language acquisition翻譯社 I need to define an important concept, affective domain.

7. In terms of second language acquisition, we often assume that high self-esteem leads to success in language acquisition.

l 講授:

最後一句又回到第一句曾提過的研究問題第二語言習得，有前後呼應的結果，而且把自負的概念與說話習得成功聯絡起來。 

整段文字中的幾個概念其實有條理關係，從最上一層的second language acquisition依序為affective domain, personality variable/ factor到最基層的 self-esteem翻譯文字的進展上也是從第一句起頭依序將這些概念介紹出來。 

1. Before I proceed with my discussion on second language acquisition翻譯社 I need to define an important concept, the affective domain. 2. This term has been useful in discussing the personality variables that we observe in second language learners. 3. The affective domain refers to the feelings that everyone experiences. 4. It is often contrasted with the cognitive domain, which deals with our analytical abilities. 5. An example of a personality factor that falls within the affective domain is the idea of self-esteem. 6. Your self-esteem has to do with your view of yourself. 7. In terms of second language acquisition, we often assume that high self-esteem leads to success in language acquisition.

在鉦昱翻譯公司繼續往下商量第二說話習得之前，鉦昱翻譯公司需要先界定一個主要概念: 情義領域。這個辭彙在接頭我們所窺察第二說話進修者的個性變項中是很有效的翻譯情義範疇是指每一個人城市體驗到的感受。它平日是個與認知範疇相對的概念，而認知範疇是處置我們的剖析能力。在情義範疇中個性因素的例子中有所謂的自負，翻譯公司的自負就是你如何對待自己的觀點。在第二說話習得中，我們通常預設高度自尊會致使說話習得上的成功。 

首句指出在本文的研究標題問題第二說話習得(second language acquisition)中起首要界說的概念是什麼，作者指出此一重要概念就是情意範疇(affective domain)翻譯另可留意該概念之前要加逗點的寫法。 

6.    Your self-esteem has to do with your view of yourself.

2. This term has been useful in discussing the personality variables that we observe in second language learners.

第五句是就界定的概念提供相關的例證，本句就是在所界的定情義領域中提出個性因素(personality factor)，亦即自負(self-esteem)的例子翻譯此句的personality factor與第二句中的personality variable是溝通的意思，論文寫作中有時variable與factor會瓜代利用，以增加字彙利用的多樣性。 

第二句再描寫為何需要界說這個概念，首要是因為據研究者視察，它在本文所要計議的個性變項( personality variable)中是很有效的(useful)。 

5. An example of a personality factor that falls within the affective domain is the idea of self-esteem

Before I proceed with my discussion on __________________, I need to define an important concept, __________________. This term has been useful in discussing __________________ that we observe in __________________. __________________ refers to __________________. It is often contrasted with __________________, which deals with __________________. An example of __________________ that falls within __________________ is the idea of __________________.  __________________has to do with __________________. In terms of __________________翻譯社 we often assume that __________________.

l 練習:

1.      Before I proceed with my discussion on ____研究題目_______, I need to define an important concept翻譯社 _____所要界說的概念_____.

2.      This term has been useful in discussing ___________________ that we observe in ___________________.

3.      _____所要界說的概念_____ refers to _____所要界說概念的內容_____.

4.      It is often contrasted with _____與所定義概念尴尬刁難比的另一概念___________, which deals with ____另一概念的界說內容_________. (若不作概念的對比，則可省略)

5.      An example of ___________________ that falls within _____所要界說的概念_____ is the idea of _____所要定義概念的例子______.

6.      _____所要定義概念的例子______ has to do with ______例子的內容________.

7.      In terms of ____研究標題問題_______翻譯社 we often assume that ___________________. (可省略) 

4. It is often contrasted with the cognitive domain, which deals with our analytical abilities.

研究論文中常有很多主要或抽象的概念需要先下界說，才能睜開後續的切磋翻譯而下界說除了描寫某一概念以外，還可提供其相對的概念作為參照，也可進一步供應該概念的例子作為說明。請看以下的類型段落: 

第四句是定義認知範疇(cognitive domain)，來與所界說的情義範疇作對照，用以突顯二者的差異。句中的which是關係代名詞，用以代替其前的名詞cognitive domain，而which以後的動詞deal with是第三句的動詞refer to一樣，都是經常使用來撰寫界說的片語。 

Ø 為概念下界說(defining concepts)

l 句型:

3. Affective domain refers to the feelings that everyone experiences.

由以上段落闡發，為概念下界說的段落寫法的架構可由以下七個句子構成，但寫作時若不用為所界說的概念作對比，則可省略第四句；若為精簡，亦可省略第七句: 

第三句就直指情義領域的定義，動詞用refer to是論文寫作中界定辭彙的常用片語翻譯